Hypogonadism is a condition in which the body doesn't produce enough of the sex hormone testosterone. This can happen in both men and women, but it is more commonly diagnosed in men. Some key signs and symptoms of hypogonadism include:
- Low sex drive or erectile dysfunction: Since testosterone is important for libido and sexual function, low levels can lead to reduced interest in sex or difficulty getting or maintaining erections.
- Reduced muscle mass and strength: Testosterone promotes muscle growth and strength, so deficiency can cause muscle loss and weakness.
- Fatigue, irritability and depression: Low testosterone is associated with fatigue, mood changes like irritability or depression.
- Loss of body and facial hair: Testosterone supports normal growth of body and facial hair, so you may notice thinner or softer beard growth.
- Reduced bone density: Testosterone helps maintain strong bones, so low levels increase risk of osteoporosis.
There are two main categories of hypogonadism:
- Primary hypogonadism means there is a problem with the testes that results in inadequate testosterone secretion. This can be from genetics, injury, infection, tumors, or other damage to the testes.
- Secondary hypogonadism indicates there is a problem with the pituitary gland or hypothalamus in the brain. These glands signal the testes to produce testosterone, so problems here affect hormone levels.
What causes hypogonadism?
Some potential causes include:
- Genetic disorders like Klinefelter syndrome or Kallmann syndrome - Injury, infection, or damage to the testes - Chemotherapy or radiation treatment - Medications like opioids or steroids - Obesity - Chronic illnesses like kidney failure, HIV/AIDS, sickle cell disease - Normal aging - testosterone levels decline as men get older
Diagnosis and treatment
If you suspect low testosterone, see your doctor. They will do blood tests to check your hormone levels and examine your symptoms. Treatment may include:
- Testosterone replacement therapy - Getting testosterone through gels, injections, patches or pellets can help restore normal levels.
- Medications - Certain drugs like clomiphene citrate or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) can encourage the body to produce more testosterone on its own.
- Lifestyle changes - Losing weight, exercising, limiting alcohol, and managing chronic illnesses may help boost testosterone.
The good news is hypogonadism is often very treatable, especially when caught early. With proper diagnosis and management, most men can get their testosterone levels back into the normal range and reduce troubling symptoms. Don't hesitate to talk to your doctor if you notice potential signs of low testosterone. There are many options to help you regain energy, strength, sex drive and overall vitality!