Premature ovarian failure (POF), also known as primary ovarian insufficiency, is a condition where a woman's ovaries stop functioning normally before the age of 40. POF results in infertility and early menopause. Around 1% of women experience POF before 40 years of age.
What causes premature ovarian failure?
There are several potential causes of POF:
- Genetic factors - Chromosomal abnormalities and genetic mutations can disrupt normal ovarian function. Family history increases POF risk.
- Autoimmune disease - Diseases like thyroid disease, adrenal disease, and type 1 diabetes can trigger the immune system to attack ovarian tissues.
- Radiation/Chemotherapy - Cancer treatments using radiation or chemicals can damage ovarian function.
- Surgery - Operations on the ovaries or hysterectomy removing the uterus can impair blood supply to the ovaries.
- Infections - Viral infections like mumps and HPV may cause ovarian inflammation and scarring.
- Toxins - Environmental toxins and smoking can have toxic effects on ovarian function.
What are the symptoms of POF?
The hallmark symptom is irregular or absent menstrual periods. Other signs include:
- Hot flashes, night sweats, and other menopausal symptoms
- Vaginal dryness and painful intercourse
- Mood changes, brain fog, fatigue from hormone fluctuations
- Infertility and inability to conceive naturally
- Loss of bone mineral density leading to osteoporosis risk
How is POF diagnosed?
POF is diagnosed with blood tests showing:
- High FSH levels - FSH is released by the pituitary to stimulate ovarian follicles. High levels indicate the ovaries are failing to respond.
- Low AMH levels - AMH is produced by ovarian follicles and declines with ovarian aging.
- Low estrogen levels - The ovaries produce less estrogen due to low follicle numbers.
Pelvic ultrasound may show a lack of antral follicles in the ovaries. Karyotype genetic testing can identify chromosomal abnormalities.
What is the treatment for POF?
Unfortunately, there is no cure for POF. However, treatments can help manage symptoms:
- Hormone therapy - Estrogen and progesterone supplements can provide hormonal balance, protect bone health, and relieve menopausal symptoms.
- Fertility options - Donor eggs or embryos may enable pregnancy. Adoption is an alternative path to parenthood.
- Bone health - Weight-bearing exercise, calcium, vitamin D promote strong bones. Bisphosphonates treat osteoporosis.
- Healthy lifestyle - Nutritious diet, stress management, regular checkups are important.
Hormone Harmony provides personalized care for women with POF, including hormone therapy, fertility counseling, and holistic wellness support. Our compassionate team helps women navigate POF with grace and optimism. Contact us today to learn more and take charge of your health.